The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.